venue,eitherasrent
orasprofitthisproportionisverydifferentinrichfrobr >itisinpooruntries
thus,atpresent,intheopulentuntriesofeurope,averylarge,frequentlythelargestportionoftheproduceofthelandisdestinedforreplacingthecapitaloftherichandindependentfarr;theotherforpayinghisprofitsandtherentofthelandlordbutanciently,duringtheprevalencyofthefeudalgovent,averysllportionoftheproduceto
replacethecapitaleloyedincultivationitnsistednlyinafeaintainedaltogetherbythe
spontaneousproduceofuncultivatedland,andight,therefore,bensideredasapartofthatspontaneousproduceitgenerally,too,belongedtothelandlord,andadvancedtotheoccupiersofthelandalltherestoftheprodutoo,eitherasrentforhis
land,orasprofituponthispaltrycapitaltheoccupiersoflanden,swere
equallyhispropertythoseenenantsat
inally
littlerethanaquitrent,itreallyauntedtothewholeproduesndtheir
labourinpeaceandtheirserviceinheylivedatadistancefroishouse,theyas
hisretainersbuttheheland
undoubtedlybelongstohielabourand
serviaintainsinthepresentstateof
europe,theshareofthelandlordseldoxceedsathird,sotisnotafourthpartofthehelandthe
rentofland,hoprovedpartsoftheuntry,
hasbeentripledandquadrupledsines;and
thisthirdorfourthpartoftheannualproduceis,itsee,threeorfourtisgreaterthanthewholehadbeenbeforeintheprogressofirovent,rent,thoughitincreasesinproportiontotheextent,dinishesinproportiontotheproduceoftheland
intheopulentuntriesofeurope,greatcapitalsareatpresenteloyedintradeandnufacturesintheancientstate,thelittletradethatelyandarse
nufacturesthatall
capitalsthese,housthaveyieldedverylargeprofitstherateofinteresthantenpercent,and
theirprofitssthavebeensufficienttoaffordthisgreatinterestatpresenttherateofinterest,intheirovedpartsofeurope,isnoeof
thestiroveditissolohree,andt
thoughthatpartoftherevenueoftheinhabitantshisderivedfroheprofitsofstockisaluchgreaterinrichthaninpooruntries,itisbeuchgreater:
inproportiontothestouchless
thatpartoftheannualproduce,therefore,h,assoonasiteseitherfrohegroundorfrohehandsoftheproductivelabourers,isdestinedforreplacingacapital,isnotonlychgreaterinrichthaninpooruntries,butbearsaediatelydestinedfor
nstitutingarevenueeitherasrentorasprofitthefundsdestinedfortheintenanceofproductivelabourarenotonlyerthaninthelatter,butbearach
greaterproportiontothoseaybeeloyedto
intaineitherproductiveorunproductivehands,havegenerallyapredilectionforthelatter
theproportionbethosedifferentfundsnecessarilydeteesineveryuntrythegeneralcharacteroftheinhabitantsastoindustryoridlenessoreindustriousthanourforefathers;becauseinthepresenttisthefundsdestinedfortheintenanuchgreaterin
proportiontothoseployedinthe
intenanceofidlenessthantheyhreecenturiesagoourancestorsofasufficient
enuragenttoindustryitisbetter,saystheproverb,toplayfoothingthantoercantileand
nufacturingtoheinferiorranksofpeopleareentofcapital,theyarein
generalindustrious,sober,andthriving;asinnyenglish,andinstdutchtohosetohareprincipally
supportedbythenstantoroccasionalresidenceofaurt,andinaintainedby
thespendingofrevenue,theyareingeneralidle,dissolute,andpoor;asatro,versailles,piegne,andfontainebleuifyouexceptrouenandbordeaux,thereislittletradeorindustryinanyoftheparlianttoheinferiorranksof
people,beingelderlyintainedbytheexpenseoftheersoftheurtsofjustice,andofthoseetopleadbeforetheareingeneralidleandpoorthegreattradeofrouenandbordeauxseetobealtogethertheeffectoftheirsituationrouenisneostallthegoodsh
arebroughteitherfrooreignuntries,orfroheritiprovinptionofthegreatcityof
parisbordeauxisinthesannertheentrepotofthewineshebanksofthegaronne,andoftheriversh
runintoit,oneoftherichestriesintheworld,andstoproducethetestforexportation,orbest
suitedtothetasteofforeignnationssuchadvantageoussituationsnecessarilyattractagreatcapitalbythegreateloyntployntofthis
capitalisthecauseoftheindustryofthosetiesintheotherparlianttoorecapitalsee
tobeeloyedthanisnecessaryforsupplyingtheirownnsution;thatis,littlerethanthesllestcapitalhthesathingybesaidofparis,
drid,andviennaofthosethreecities,parisisbyfarthestindustrious;butparisitselfistheprincipalrketofallthenufacturesestablishedatparis,anditsoptionistheprincipalobjectofallthetradecarriesonlondon,lisbon,andpenhagen,are,perhaps,theonlythreecitiesineuropehthenstantresidenceofa
urt,andcanatthesatibensideredastradingcities,orascitiesption,but
forthatofothercitiesanduntriesthesituationofallthethreeisextrelyadvantageous,andnaturallyfitstheobetheentrepotsofagreatpartofthegoodsdestinedforthensutionofdistantplacesinacityrevenueis
spent,toeloyhadvantageaca
